Cisco (200-301) Exam Questions And Answers page 14

The copy startup-config running-config command enables a switch (or a router) to copy configuration from NVRAM to its RAM. The configuration file located in NVRAM is referred to as the startup configuration, and a configuration currently loaded and running in RAM is referred to as the running configuration.
The copy running-config startup-config command is incorrect because it will save your running configuration in RAM to the non-volatile NVRAM, which is the reverse of the scenario's requirement. This would be the required command to run if you have edited the running configuration and would like to save the changes so that they are effective the next time you restart the switch.
The copy tftp flash command does not enable a switch to copy the configuration from NVRAM to its RAM. This command is used to restore backup IOS images stored on a TFTP server to the target switch (or router).
The copy running-config flash command does not enable a switch to copy the configuration from NVRAM to its RAM. This command is used to save the running configuration in RAM to the switch's flash memory.
The copy startup-config flash command does not enable a switch to copy the configuration from NVRAM to its RAM. This command is used to save the startup configuration in NVRAM to the switch's flash memory.
Objective:
Infrastructure Management
Sub-Objective:
Perform device maintenance
Cisco > Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference > C > copy
Cisco > Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide, Release 12.4 > Part 8: Managing Configuration Files > Managing Configuration Files

This subnet question requires us to grasp how to subnet very well. To quickly find out the subnet range, we have to find out the increment and the network address of each subnet. Let s take an example with the subnet 172.28.228.144/18:

From the /18 (= 1100 0000 in the 3rd octet), we find out the increment is 64. Therefore the network address of this subnet must be the greatest multiple of the increment but not greater than the value in the 3rd octet (228). We can find out the 3rd octet of the network address is 192 (because 192 = 64 * 3 and 192 < 228)="" -=""> The network address is 172.28.192.0. So the first usable host should be 172.28.192.1 and it matches with the 5th answer on the right. In this case we don t need to calculate the broadcast address because we found the correct answer.

Let s take another example with subnet 172.28.228.144/23 -> The increment is 2 (as /23 = 1111 1110 in 3rd octet) -> The 3rd octet of the network address is 228 (because 228 is the multiply of 2 and equal to the 3rd octet) -> The network address is 172.28.228.0 -> The first usable host is 172.28.228.1. It is not necessary but if we want to find out the broadcast address of this subnet, we can find out the next network address, which is 172.28.(228 + the increment number).0 or 172.28.230.0 then reduce 1 bit -> 172.28.229.255 is the broadcast address of our subnet. Therefore the last usable host is 172.28.229.254.

The following excerpt indicates two successor routes, and they will both be included:
P 172.16.10.0/24 2 successors, FD is 284244
via 172.16.50.1 (284244/17669856), Serial1/0
via 172.16.60.1 (284244/17669856), Serial1/1
Both of these routes will be included because they have identical metrics (284244/17669856). Only the EIGRP successor routes will appear in the routing table, as these are considered the best-path routes to each remote network.
The route for 172.16.16.0/24 via 172.16.251.2 (12738176/27819002) will not be included because only successor routes are included, and this route is a feasible successor. Feasible successor routes are routes that are used only as a backup if the successor route(s) becomes unavailable. If you examine the output of each option, it will indicate how many successor routes are in the entry. The entry shows that there is only one successor to this route:
P 172.16.16.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 284244
via 172.16.250.2 (284244/17669856), Serial0/0
via 172.16.251.2 (12738176/27819002), Serial0/1
The first listed is the successor and the second is the feasible successor. The first has the best or lowest metric (284244/17669856), which is the criterion used for selection.
These entries indicate successor routes, but they also indicate they are via Connected, which means they are networks directly connected to the router.
P 172.16.250.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2248564
via Connected, Serial0/0
and
P 172.16.60.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2248564
via Connected, Serial1/1
Therefore, they are not EIGRP learned routes.
Objective:
Routing Fundamentals
Sub-Objective:
Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub)
Cisco > Cisco IOS IP Routing Protocols Command Reference > EIGRP Commands: M through V > show ip eigrp topology

The show ipv6 interface command is used to verify the link-local, global unicast, and multicast addresses assigned to an IPv6-enabled router interface. The show ipv6 interface command displays information regarding that interface, such as the physical state, MTU, and IPv6 enable/disable state.
Here is the partial output of the show ipv6 interface command on an IPv6-enabled router named rtrA:

In the sample output, you can see that the Fa0/1 interface of rtrA has the link-local address FE80::6339:7BFF:FE5D:A031/64 and the global unicast address 2001:7067:90D1:1::1. The global unicast address is not in EUI-64 format because when the ipv6 address command was issued, the eui64 keyword was not used. If the EUI-64 format had been specified with the eui64 keyword, the global unicast address would have been 2001:7067:90D1:1:6339:7BFF:FE5D:A031.
An IPv6-enabled interface has not only a link-local and global unicast address, but also one or more multicast addresses. A multicast address is an IPv6 address that has the prefix FF00::/8. These addresses are assigned to interfaces of different nodes such that they appear as a logical group. This implies that when a packet is destined for a multicast address, that packet is delivered to all the interfaces that have the same multicast address. The various multicast groups are as follows:
• FF02::1 Indicates the group of all the nodes on the local segment
• FF02::2 Indicates the group of all the routers on the local segment
• FF02::1:FF00:0/104 Indicates a solicited-node multicast group for every unicast or anycast address assigned to the interface
You can also notice in the sample output that the Fa0/1 interface belongs to three multicast groups: FF02::1, FF02::2, and FF02::1:FF5D:A031. The first two multicast groups refer to the all-host and all-router multicast groups, respectively. The third group, FF02::1:FF5D:A031, is the solicited-node multicast address. This address is created for every unicast or anycast address. A solicited-node multicast address is determined by assigning the least significant 24 bits of the unicast address to the least significant 24 bits of the FF02::1:FF00:0 address.
The show ipv6 neighbors command displays the link-local /global unicast addresses of the neighbors, including other information such as state and the next-hop interface.
The show ipv6 route command is used to view the IPv6 routing table on the router. This command displays the prefixes, administrative distance, metric, and next-hop addresses for various IPv6 networks.
The show ipv6 protocols command is used to view the active routing protocols for IPv6 on the router. This command shows the interfaces, redistribution status, and summarization status about each of the routing protocols enabled on the router.
Objective:
Network Fundamentals
Sub-Objective:
Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv6 addressing
Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference > show ipv6 eigrp topology through show ipv6 nat statistics > show ipv6 interface
Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference > show ipv6 nat translations through show ipv6 protocols > show ipv6 neighbors
Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference > show ipv6 nat translations through show ipv6 protocols > show ipv6 protocols
Cisco > Products & Services > Cisco IOS and NX-OS Software > Cisco IOS Technologies > IPv6 > Product Literature > White Papers > Cisco IOS IPv6 Multicast Introduction
Cisco > IPv6 Implementation Guide, Release 15.2M&T > Implementing IPv6 Multicast

Response is not a packet type used by EIGRP. The following are the packet types used by EIGRP:
• Hello/Ack: Establish neighbor relationships. The Ack packet is used to provide acknowledgement of a reliable packet.
• Update: Send routing updates.
• Query: Ask neighbors about routing information.
• Reply: Provide response to queries about routing information.
• Requests: Gain specific information from one or more neighbors.
Objective:
Routing Fundamentals
Sub-Objective:
Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub)
Cisco > Support > Cisco IOS Software > Configuring EIGRP