Cisco (200-301) Exam Questions And Answers page 6

Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) is just a congestion avoidance mechanism. WRED drops packets selectively based on IP precedence. Edge routers assign IP precedences to packets as they enter the network. When a packet arrives, the following events occur:
1. The average queue size is calculated.
2. If the average is less than the minimum queue threshold, the arriving packet is queued.
3. If the average is between the minimum queue threshold for that type of traffic and the maximum threshold for the interface, the packet is either dropped or queued, depending on the packet drop probability for that type of traffic.
4. If the average queue size is greater than the maximum threshold, the packet is dropped.
WRED reduces the chances of tail drop (when the queue is full, the packet is dropped) by selectively dropping packets when the output interface begins to show signs of congestion (thus it can mitigate congestion by preventing the queue from filling up). By dropping some packets early rather than waiting until the queue is full, WRED avoids dropping large numbers of packets at once and minimizes the chances of global synchronization. Thus, WRED allows the transmission line to be used fully at all times.
WRED generally drops packets selectively based on IP precedence. Packets with a higher IP precedence are less likely to be dropped than packets with a lower precedence. Thus, the higher the priority of a packet, the higher the probability that the packet will be delivered.

The VTP mode of SW2 is transparent so it only forwards the VTP updates it receives to its trunk links without processing them.

For all switches in a VTP domain, the VTP version, VTP password, and VTP domain name must be the same. Moreover, switches that will share VLAN information must be operating in VTP server mode, must be using the same VLAN tagging method (either 802.1q or ISL), and must be connected with trunk links.
Many of these settings can be verified by using the show vtp status command. By viewing the output of the command on two switches that are not sharing information, inconsistencies that prevent the sharing of VLAN information can be identified. Consider the output from the two switches below:

Based on the output for the four switches, you should NOT expect Switch62 to exchange VLAN information with the other switches because the VTP domain names do not match. Line 6 shows that Swicth62 is set to Corp and the others are set to Corporate. The command to set the VTP domain name is:
Switch62(config)#vtp domain corporate

Switch62 is operating in Client mode, which means it will accept VLAN changes sent by switches operating in Server mode once the domain name mismatch is corrected. It will both process them and forward them, but will not allow VLAN changes to be made locally, and it will not save any of the VLAN information in NVRAM (line 5). The command to place a switch into Client mode is:
Switch62(config)#vtp mode client

Switch60 is operating in Server mode and will allow changes to be made locally, will send those changes to other switches, and WILL save all changes (both learned and made locally) in NVRAM, as shown by line 5. The command to place a switch into Server mode is:
Switch62(config)#vtp mode server

Switch61 is operating in Transparent mode. It will allow changes to be made locally and WILL save all changes made locally in NVRAM, but will NOT send those changes to other switches, as shown in line 5. It will accept and pass along VTP changes from switches operating in Server mode, but will not save those changes in NVRAM. The command to place a switch in Transparent mode is:
Switch62(config)#vtp mode transparent

Switch63 will ignore any information it receives from the other switches, even though the domain name matches, because it has a higher configuration revision number (63) than the other switches. These revision numbers are used by the switches to prevent unnecessary processing of changes that have already been received.
VTP is used to synchronize Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) databases across switches. VTP server switches can be used to add, delete, or rename VLANs, which are then synchronized over the network with VTP client switches. This allows a network administrator to create a VLAN once, as opposed to having to create it individually on every switch on the network. The password is used to validate the source of the VTP advertisements sent between the switches in the VTP domain.
The option stating that the configuration revision number must be configured identically on all switches in a VTP domain is incorrect. The configuration number cannot be directly configured, but is instead synchronized during VTP updates.
The option stating that VLANs configured on clients should exist on the server switch is incorrect. VTP clients do not allow local VLAN configuration, and can only receive VLANs via VTP synchronization over the network.
Objective:
LAN Switching Fundamentals
Sub-Objective:
Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VLANs (normal/extended range) spanning multiple switches
References:

This menu-based prompt for additional information shown would be generated by the Cisco IOS ping command when issued without a target IP address. This is also known as issuing an extended ping. This command can be issued on the router to test connectivity between two remote routers. To execute an extended ping, enter the ping command from the privileged EXEC command line without specifying the target IP address. It takes the command into configuration mode, where various parameters, including the destination and target IP addresses, can be defined.
Note: You can only perform an extended ping at the privileged EXEC command line, while the normal ping works in both user EXEC mode and privileged EXEC mode.
The tracert command is incorrect because the tracert command is used by Microsoft Windows operating systems, not Cisco devices. This command cannot be run via the Cisco IOS command line interface. However, Microsoft's tracert utility is similar to Cisco's traceroute utility, which is to test the connectivity or "reachability" of a network device or host. The tracert command uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to list all of the 'hops" or routers traversed to a destination.
The traceroute command is incorrect because this command uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to list all of the 'hops" or routers traversed to a destination. It is also used to find routing loops or errors within a network.
The ping 10.10.10.1 command is incorrect because you when you issue this command you will either receive a reply from the destination or a destination unreachable message. It will not prompt for additional information as shown
Objective:
Routing Fundamentals
Sub-Objective:
Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 static routing
Cisco > Cisco IOS Command Fundamentals Reference, Release 12.4 > ping
Cisco > Tech Notes > Using the Extended ping and Extended traceroute Commands > Document ID: 13730 > The Extended ping Command
Cisco Documentation > Internetwork Troubleshooting Handbook > Troubleshooting TCP/IP

The service port can be used management purposes, primarily for out-of-band management. However, AP management traffic is not possible across the service port. In most cases, the service port is used as a last resort means of accessing the controller GUI for management purposes. For example, in the case where the system distribution ports on the controller are down or their communication to the wired network is otherwise degraded.

A dynamic interface with the Dynamic AP Management option enabled is used as the tunnel source for packets from the controller to the access point and as the destination for CAPWAP packets from the access point to the controller.

The virtual interface is used to support mobility management, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) relay, and embedded Layer 3 security such as guest web authentication. It also maintains the DNS gateway host name used by Layer 3 security and mobility managers to verify the source of certificates when Layer 3 web authorization is enabled.

The IP address of the device is incorrect. It is not in the same subnet as the default gateway address. While it is possible that the default gateway address is incorrect, that is not as likely a reason, given the fact that the DNS server is also in the same IP subnet as the default gateway.
There is a DNS server configured and its IP address is 192.168.0.50. If a DNS server were not configured, this user would be unable to access the Internet, even if all IP addressing problems were resolved.
IP routing is NOT enabled. However, it is not required to be enabled because this device is not acting as a router. The device does not need IP routing enabled to access resources and the Internet if all other IP addressing issues are resolved.
Objective:
Infrastructure Services
Sub-Objective:
Describe DNS lookup operation
PChuck's Network > Microsoft Windows Networking, Security, and Support > Reading IPConfig and Diagnosing Network Problems